SS 3 Biology (1st Term)

Biology

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ORGANISMS

COURTSHIP BEHAVIOURS IN ANIMALS Courtship is a reproductive communication between males and females of a species that ends in sexual union. Courtship behaviours in animals include PAIRING: – A form of courtship in which a compatible male and female separate themselves from other in a group to form a mating pair. Pairing occurs in human,

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Biology

SENSE ORGANS : SKIN, EYES, STRUCTURES, FUNCTIONS, EYE EFFECTS & CORRECTIONS

SENSORY RECEPTORS All living organisms respond to changes in their environment (stimuli).  These changes can be mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical or thermal.  Though most cells in the bodies of organisms are sensitive to stimuli, certain cells specialize in detecting a particular type of stimulus, these are called sense cells or sensory receptors which are quite many

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Biology

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM These include the sensory system (receptor and nerves leading from all parts of the body to the CNS) and the motor system (nerves running from the CNS to the effectors). The PNS consists of twelve cranial nerves (connecting the brain to the head and neck region) and thirty one spinal nerves

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Biology

NERVOUS CO-ORDINATION

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous and hormonal systems co-ordinate various biological activities in the body of multicellular animals, the basic structural unit of nervous system is the nerve cell called neurone.  It consists of a dense, cell body and protoplasmic processes called nerve fibres.  A bundle of long nerve fibre is called a nerve.  The

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Biology

HORMONAL CO-ORDINATION

HORMONES AND ENDOCRINE GLANDS Hormones are chemical substances produced or secreted by endocrine glands (ductless glands) in response to various stimuli. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and circulated to exert their effect on their target organs.  This effect could be to speed up or slow down biological reactions. A few hormones like thyroxine and

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Biology

REGULATION OF INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis is the process by which a fairly constant internal environment is maintained in an organism.  The internal environment of an organism is made up of the body fluid such as blood, lymph and tissue fluid.  For efficient functions of body cells and healthy growth, a living organism must be able to adjust to

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