MOUNTAINS Mountains are great elevated land surfaces resulting from intense action of internal forces. They have steep slopes and show distinct peaks. Mountains are classified according to their mode of formation, resulting in four major types of mountains. These are (i) Fold mountains (ii) Block Mountains (iii) Volcanic Mountains and (iv) Residual mountain (a) […]
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A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for Geographical Information Science or Geospatial Information Studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics.
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The earth crust consists of rocks. A rock is any mineral material of the earth. It may be a combination of different mineral element such as silica which contains silicon and oxygen. All the rocks differ from one another in texture, structure, colour, permeability, mode of occurrence and degree of resistance to denudation. Types
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The internal structure of the earth is made up of three concentric layers which are (a) The crust (Lithosphere) (b) The mantle (Mesosphere) (c) The core (Barysphere) The Crust This is subdivided into upper and lower crust. The upper crust consists of granite rocks and forms the continent. The main minerals here are silica
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The structure of the earth is grouped into two zones: The outer structure and the internal structure. THE OUTER STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The outer structure of the earth is made up of four zones or layers: Lithosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere: This is the solid portion of the earth. It is the outermost zone
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Calculation of distance using lines of latitude Procedures: locate the two places involved find the latitude difference between the two places Note: North-North= subtract North-South= add South-North= add Equator-North= add or subtract Equator-South= add or subtract multiply the latitude difference by 111km 1°=111km( 1° of latitude is approx. 111km on land) Example 1
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MEANING OF LATITUDE Latitude is an angular distance of a point on earth’s surface measured in degrees from the centre of the earth. Latitude is parallel to the equator .Equator divides the earth into two equal halves known as Northern & southern hemisphere. Lines of latitude are sometimes called parallel of latitude. IMPORTANT LINES
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The shape of the earth The earth has a spherical shape. Its shape can also be described as GEOID. Though we walk on “flat” surface, it is almost like a sphere and it is slightly flattened at the two poles. There are many facts to prove that the earth is spherical. Size of the Earth
Solar system is the description of the position of the earth and other planets in relation to the sun. The solar system comprises of the sun and the nine planets. All the planets revolve round the sun in “elliptical orbits”. The Universe The universe is made up of many heavenly bodies, group of stars
INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY: MEANING, SCOPE AND VALUE MEANING OF GEOGRAPHY The word Geography is derived from the Greek word ‘Geo’ meaning the earth, and ‘graph’ which means description. Geography can therefore be defined as the description of the earth. However, Geography does not only describe the surface of the earth and its features. It also
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