SS 1 Agricultural Science (1st Term)

Agricultural Science

CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS

A crop is a plant which is cultivated by man for some beneficial purposes. Crops can be classified based on (i) life cycle (ii)morphology  (iii) uses. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON LIFE CYCLE The life cycle of a crop is the period from planting of seed to maturity of the crop. Based on life cycle, crops can […]

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Agricultural Science

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION (CROPAND ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION) CLIMATE: This is defined as the average weather condition of a place measured over a long period of time.   FACTORS OF CLIMATE: It includes rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, light, wind, pressure. Each of the factors has its own influence on agriculture. This is shown

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Agricultural Science

AGRICULTURAL LAWS AND REFORMS

LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA Land ownership ranges from individual ownership to communal ownership. In the individual ownership system, land is held by the family who can farm on it, build on it, pledge it for money or sell it. In communal ownership system, the land belongs to the community which may be an extended

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Agricultural Science

LAND AND ITS USES

LAND Land is man’s natural endowment (the gift of nature). It is the solid part of earth’s surface (the soil and its mineral resources) where production like farming and livestock management takes place. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND It is fixed in supply and its value rise steadily in response to increasing demand for it. The

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Agricultural Science

AGRO-ALLIED IDUSTRIES

MEANING OF AGRO-ALLIED INDUSRIES Agro-allied industries/Agro-based industries are industries which depend on agriculture for their raw materials in order to operate successfully. In other words, agro-based industries require the supply of agricultural raw materials in order to provide some finished products that are essential for human and animal consumption.   EXAMPLES OF AGRO-ALLIED INDUSTRIES AND

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Agricultural Science

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

ROLES OF GOVERNMENT IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Agricultural activities are controlled or directed in one way or the other by government through their ministries of agriculture. They draw up policies and programmes, they make regulations for those concerned with agricultural development, they grant loans or credit facilities and subsidy, finance research, establish farm settlements and supply

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Agricultural Science

INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE: MEANING, BRANCHES AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE

MEANING OF AGRICULTURE Agriculture is the art and science (or management) that deals with the cultivation of crops and the rearing of animals for man’s use. This means, it refers to all the activities involving cultivation of soil for the production of crops and livestock management to the distribution and marketing of the plant and

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Agricultural Science

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT OF RUMINANT [CATTLE] Cattle Breeds of cattle Terms used in cattle management Characteristics of cattle System of rearing cattle Feeding of cattle Management of cattle   Cattle are ruminant animal (they have complex or complicated stomach structures). Cattle have hollow horns and hoofs. They are reared for meat, milk, hide and skin, manure and

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Agricultural Science

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT OF A MONOGASTRIC ANIMAL (PIGS) Terms used in pigs management Breeds of pigs Characteristics of pigs System of rearing pigs Housing, feeding and hygiene Management of pigs Pigs are non-ruminant animals in the genus sus, within even-toed ungulate family suidae. They are primarily reared for meat.   TERMS USED IN PIGS MANAGEMENT Boar: a

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Agricultural Science

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY

Environmental physiology refers to the effects of the environment on the growth and performance of farm animals. It is the study of the environment in relation to the response of farm animals. The effects could be high or low in nature. Moderation is the target for optimum growth and performance.   CLIMATE Climate refers to

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Agricultural Science

REPRODUCTION IN FARM ANIMALS

The egg in poultry is partly formed in the ovary and in the oviduct. At ovulation the ovum carrying the yolk is released by the ovary into the oviduct through the funnel called infundibulum. Fertilization takes place in the infundibulum where the egg spends 15 minutes and moves into the magnum. In the magnum

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Agricultural Science

REPRODUCTION IN FARM ANIMALS

Reproduction is the process that gives rise to young in farm animals; it is the ability of animals to birth young. This process starts when the animal is sexually matured. Time of sexual maturity varies between animals, in cattle it takes up to 15 months, in goat and sheep about 6 months, poultry about 18

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Agricultural Science

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiratory system includes all the organs and tissues associated with the exchange of gases between the animal and its environment, leading to the release of energy. The purpose of respiration is to supply oxygen to the cell which burns down food to release energy. C6H12O6            +          6O2                  à        6CO2                +          6H2O   

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Agricultural Science

FARM MECHANIZATION

FARM MECHANIZATION (TRACTORIZATION) Mechanization refers to the application of engineering principles and technology in agricultural production. It is the use of machines such as tractors, ploughs, harvesters, harrow, planter etc as well as the use of farm inputs such as insecticides, improved seeds, fertilizer etc.   The objective of mechanization is to: reduce human labour

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Agricultural Science

FARM POWER

DEFINITION OF FARM POWER Power is the rate of doing work or the expenditure of energy. Power is measured in units of joule/seconds otherwise known as watts. Farm power is the ability provided by various sources to carry on farm work. Farm power then can be defined as the energy, force and source used to

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Agricultural Science

SIMPLE FARM TOOLS

Farm tools are simple handy tools constructed by the farmer or local crafts men to carry out some basic farming operations. Farmers who grow crops and keep animals usually use some simple tools to help make their work easier and faster. EXAMPLES OF FARM TOOLS 1. Cutlass 2. Hoe 3. Bolt and nut 4. Shovel

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