HYDROGEN SULPHIDE, H2S Hydrogen sulphide is found in volcanic gases, sulphur springs, coal gas and natural gas. LABORATORY PREPARATION Hydrogen sulphide is prepared in the laboratory by the action of… Read More »COMPOUNDS OF SULPHUR -FULL EXPLANATION
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE SULPHUR GROUP (GROUP VI ELEMENTS) The group VI elements include: Oxygen, Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium. Metallic property increases down the group. Oxygen and sulphur are… Read More »SULPHUR | USES, PROPERTIES, GROUP VI ELEMENTS, STRUCRURE, EXTRACTION & ALLOTROPES
OXIDES OF NITROGEN NITROGEN (I) OXIDE, N2O Nitrogen (I) oxide is known as laughing gas as it causes uncontrollable laughter when inhaled. LABORATORY PREPARATION The gas is prepared in… Read More »COMPOUNDS OF NITROGEN | FULL EXPLANATION
The group V elements include: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth. There are more differences than similarities between the elements in this group. Nitrogen is a diatomic gas and does… Read More »NITROGEN | USES, LABORATORY & INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION, PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Halogens (salt formers) are found in group VII of the periodic table. They are the most reactive nonmetals. They have seven valence electrons, they exist as diatomic molecules, and they… Read More »CHLORINE AND OTHER HALOGENS
Oxygen is the most abundant element on earth. It constitutes 21% by volume of atmospheric air. Occurrence: It occurs as free elements in nature and in combined states. GENERAL PROPERTIES… Read More »OXYGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Equilibrium can be defined as the state of a system where there is no observable or detectable change in the properties of the system with respect to time. Examples of… Read More »CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM | STATIC, DYNAMIC, REVERSIBLE REACTION, PROPERTIES, FACTORS & EFFECTS
Charge flow during electrolysis The coulomb is the electrolytic unit of charge. A current of one ampere is the rate of flow of charge equal to one coulomb per second.… Read More »FARADAY’S LAWS OF ELECTROLYSIS AND CALCULATIONS
The importance of electrochemical cells or galvanic cells lies in their ability to provide us with a portable source of electrical energy. We have already studied that indirect redox reaction… Read More »APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
It is a well known fact that energy menifests itself in different forms which are interconvertible into one another. Among different forms of energy, the electrical energy plays a very… Read More »ELECTROCHEMISTRY
The passage of electricity through the electrolytes in their molten or dissolved state can cause chemical changes under suitable conditions. For example, the passage of electricity through the acidified water… Read More »ELECTROLYTIC CELLS AND ELECTROLYSIS OF SPECIFIED ELECTROLYTES
When an electric current is passed through an electrolyte solution, the ions of the electrolyte undergo chemical changes at the respective electrodes. The chemical reaction carried out by passing electricity… Read More »Electrolysis
IONIC THEORY To account for the phenomena of electrolysis the Ionic Theory was put forward by Arrhenius in 1880. The theory states that electrolytes are made up of ions, which… Read More »IONIC THEORY
Balancing by Ion Electron or Half Reaction Method We are familiar with the balancing of chemical equations by inspection method. However, inspection method may not be useful for balancing the… Read More »BALANCING OF REDOX REACTIONS
Classical Concept of Oxidation and Reduction In our daily life we come across processes like rusting of iron articles, fading of the colour of the clothes, burning of the combustible… Read More »Concept of Oxidation and Reduction
Most of the properties of the elements such as atomic volume, atomic size, ionization enthalpy, electron affinity and electronegativity are directly related to the electronic configuration of the atoms. These… Read More »PERIODIC TRENDS IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
THE NEED FOR CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS Before the beginning of eighteenth century, only a very few elements were known and it was quite easy to study and remember their individual… Read More »PERIODICITY