REPRODUCTION IN FARM ANIMALS

PROCESSES OF EGG FORMATION IN POULTRY

The egg in poultry is partly formed in the ovary and in the oviduct. At ovulation the ovum carrying the yolk is released by the ovary into the oviduct through the funnel called infundibulum. Fertilization takes place in the infundibulum where the egg spends 15 minutes and moves into the magnum. In the magnum, part of the egg white (albumen) and the chalaza are secreted round the yolk. The egg stays for 3 hours in the magnum and moves into the isthmus where the two shell membranes are formed. The egg stays for 1 hour 15 minutes in the isthmus and moves into the uterus where it remains for 18 – 21 hours and the egg shell is formed from calcium carbonate. Mineral solutions are also added to the egg before it moves into the vagina whereit remains for 1 – 15 minutes before it is laid through the cloaca. A complete formation of eggs takes almost 26 hours.

 

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF POULTRY BIRDS

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF POULTRY BIRDS

EVALUATION

  1. Describe the processes of egg formation in poultry.
  2. Describe the reproductive system of poultry birds.

 

MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES

Hormones are organic chemical substances produced by endocrine (ductless) glands which influence growth, development and metabolic activities in farm animals. These include

HORMONE SEX SITE OF SECRETION FUNCTIONS
Testosterone/ Androgen Male Testes It stimulates the development of secondary sexual characters in male.

It stimulates sperm production through spermatogenesis.

Oestrogen Female Ovary It stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics in female animals

It promotes the production of ova or eggs through oogenesis.

It stimulates mammary gland development

Progesterone Female Corpus luteum It ensures uterus development and implantation of the fertilized ovum.

It inhibits oestrus i. e. prevents ovulation.

It stimulates the development of mammary gland

It ensures the continuance of pregnancy.

Oxytocin Female Pituitary It aids the contraction of the uterine wall during parturition.

It promotes milk let-down after parturition.

It aids sperm transportation in the vagina.

Relaxin Female Pituitary It aids relaxation of pelvic ligaments during parturition.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Female Pituitary It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicle.

 

Luteinizing hormone Female Pituitary It stimulates the secretion of oestrogen and progesterone.

It causes the rupture of the follicle and the release of the ova from the follicle.

 

GENERAL EVALUATION

  1. List five animal hormones and function.
  2. What are the functions of the following in the processes of egg formation in poultry?
  3. Ovary
  4. Oviduct
  5. Magnum
  6. uterus

 

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

  1. Which of these is not a part of the male reproductive system A. uterus masculinusB. oviduct C. testes D. vas deferens
  2. The following except one are female reproductive hormones A.oestrogenB. progesterone C. testosterone D. oxytocin
  3. Fertilization in poultry birds takes place in the A. infundibulum B. isthmus C.magnumD. uterus
  4. The following except one are viviparous animals A. pig B. cattle C. turkey D. goat
  5. The hormone responsible for the contraction of the uterine wall during parturition is known as A. oxytocin B. progesterone C. luteinizing hormone D.relaxin

 

THEORY

  1. Draw and label the diagram of an egg.
  2. List five reproductive hormones, site of secretion and their functions.

 

See also

REPRODUCTION IN FARM ANIMALS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS

FARM MECHANIZATION

FARM POWER

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