Government

ACHIEVEMENTS OF OPEC The organization has created a forum where member states can resolve their problems. The organization has put the activities of multi-national companies to check. The common fund established by the organization has helped to reduce the financial problems of the members. The organization has encouraged member states to take part in oil exploration. OPEC has succeeded to some extent in regulating production of oil and raising the prize of oil in recent time.   PROBLEMS OF OPEC The issue of quota: Member states do not abide by the directives of the organization on oil quota. The discovery of North sea oil and the competition is a great threat to prize stabilization. Oil storage: The rate at which some developed countries are storing crude oil, is a great threat to OPEC. Frequent international crisis has affected the prize of oil. e.g the Gulf war (1990-1991). Economic depression worldwide… Read More »ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC) | ACHIVEMENTS & PROBLEMS

ORIGIN OF OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (0PEC) , comprises of 13 third world petroleum producing countries , formed in 1960 to promote and protect the interest of its members. OPEC as an organization was formed as a reaction to the exploitative motives of multinational companies, which as at that time were controlling oil operation in the oil producing countries in 1960. Five oil producing countries met in Baghdad the capital of Iraq to form a union that will fight against the exploitative tendencies of multinational companies. The five countries that held the meeting were; Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Some other countries later joined the organization because of its effort in curtailing the activities of the oil companies. Countries like Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Gabon and United Arab Emirate (1973), joined the organization. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OPEC was established so as to stabilize price of oil… Read More »ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC) | ORIGIN, AIMS, OBJECTIVES, ORGANS

ACHIEVEMENTS OF ECOWAS The body has removed all customs duties in the areas of importation and exportation of goods within the sub-region. Member states cooperate in the areas of sports and culture. ECOWAS has helped to unite the people of member nations irrespective of the differences in ideology, beliefs and so on. Formation of ECOMOG: ECOMOG was formed through ECOWAS to help maintain peace in the sub-region and it helped to restore democracy in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Member states of ECOWAS spoke against Apartheid in South Africa and neo-colonialism. The organization helped in removing all administrative restrictions on trade within the sub-region. Member states mediate in disputes among states, e.g. Nigeria and Chad, Liberia, Sierra Leone and so on. The body has eliminated obstacles to movements of persons, services and capital within the sub-region. See also: UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION | ORIGIN, PRINCIPLES, AIMS & OBJEVTIVES PROBLEMS OR WEAKNESSES OF… Read More »ECONOMIC COMMUINTY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS) | ACHIEVEMENTS & PROBLEMS

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created by the Treaty in Lagos, Nigeria, on 28th May, 1975. It was created to promote economic trade, national cooperation and monetary union, for growth and development throughout West Africa. The administrative headquarters of the community is located in Abuja, while the fund raising headquarters is located in Lome, Togo. The establishment of the organization was masterminded by General Yakubu Gowon of Nigeria and President Eyadema of Togo. There are currently 15 member countries in the Economic Community of West African States. The founding members of ECOWAS were : Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania (left 2002), Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo and Burkina Faso ( which joined as Upper Volta). Cape Verde joined in 1977.   AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF ECOWAS To promote cooperation and integration in all fields of economic activities. To raise… Read More »ECONOMIC COMMUINITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS).

PURPOSES OF THE AGENCIES OF U.N.O To reduce international conflicts: The establishment of this agencies has helped to a very large extend in reducing international conflicts to the barest minimum. International interests: Another purpose for setting up these agencies is to integrate the interest of the various nations. To promote World peace: The establishment of these special agencies is to bring about World peace through the sharing of common interest by these agencies. To bring nations together: These agencies were set up with the believe that it would go beyond national boundaries and harmonizes interest of diverse nature. Creation of a World community: These agencies have the purpose of bringing the World together to become a World community devoid of war and conflicts.   ACHIEVEMENTS OF U.N.O Contribution to International Security: The U.N. has so far succeeded in averting war at World wide dimension. Although war has not been completely… Read More »SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE U.N.O | PURPOSES, ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS

SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF U.N.O Specialized agencies are bodies that are independent which exist under the umbrella of the U.N.O. These agencies are given special assignments which help U.N.O. to achieve its aims and objectives. The activities of these specialized agencies are coordinated and supervised by the min organ of the U.N.O. called the Economic and Social Council. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION This agency was established 1919 by the League of Nations with headquarter in Geneva. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Improvement of workers: It was established to help improve labour condition of workers Standard of living: It was established to raised the standard of living World wide. Promotion of economic and Social stability: It was formed to enhance the promotion of economic and Social stability. Child Labour: It campaigns against child labour and slavery. Research: It conducts extensive research in the field of power and vocational training. Celebrates Workers… Read More »SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF U.N.O | ILO, W.H.O, F.A.O., UNESCO, UNICEF & I.M.F

ORGANS OF THE U.N.O The following are the organs of U.N.O The General Assembly. The Security Council. The Secretariat. The trusteeship Council. The international Court of Justice. The Economic and Social Council. The General Assembly The General Assembly is the central organ of the U.N.O. Its membership includes all member countries of the U.N.O. Each state is entitled to five representatives or delegation. The Assembly meets once in a year on regular session. The General Assembly has the power to deliberate on any matter that falls within the jurisdiction of the organization’s interest. On important matters, decisions are made by two –third of the members present to vote. Decisions on ordinary matters are reached by a simple majority. The chairmanship of the Assembly is held for one year and rotated among member-states. FUNCTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Deliberative function: It provides a forum for the discussion of world peace and… Read More »UNITED NATIONS | GENERAL ASSEMBLY, SECURITY, TRUSTEESHIP, ECONOMIC & SOCIAL COUNCIL

Origin of U.N.O The United Nation Organization came into being on October 24, 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations, which collapsed as a result of the Second World War. The formation of the U.N.O. was led by the victorious powers, which were United Kingdom, America, Russia and China. The United Nation has its headquarters in New York, United States of America. Admission into the U.N.O is open to all peace loving countries.   The Principles of U.N.O Respect for the sovereign equality of all nations. Provision of military assistance to troubled states when it is called to do so. Promotion of democratic principles. Maintenance of international peace and security. The use of force in settling dispute should be discouraged. Peaceful settlement of disputes. Unity and cooperation among member nations.   Aims and Objectives of the U.N.O To maintain international peace and security. To settle disputes through peaceful… Read More »UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION | ORIGIN, PRINCIPLES, AIMS & OBJEVTIVES

ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS The following are the organs of the Commonwealth of Nations and their functions. The Prime Minister’s Conference; The prime minister’s conference is the highest organ of the Commonwealth. This organ is composed of the Heads of State and government of member-states or their accredited representatives. Functions Approval of Budget: It is the sole responsibility of the Prime Minister’s of member-states to receive and approve the budget of the organization. Appointment of the Secretary-General: It is the body that appoints the Secretary-General of the organization. Discussion of Problems: The Prime ministers of member-states discuss issues, problems as they affect member states and give recommendations or solutions for such problems. Power of Sanction: The Prime minster of member-states has the power to sanction any member that does not adhere to the aims and objectives upon which the organization was established for example, Nigeria was suspended from the Commonwealth… Read More »COMMON WEALTH OF NATIONS | ORGANS, ACHIEVEMENTS, FUNCTIONS $ PROBLEMS

The Common Wealth of Nation is a voluntary association of the independent Countries who were formerly British Colonies. It is made up of Britain and Countries that were at one point in time or the other British colonies. The United States of America, though a former British colony, is not a member. The British monarch (the queen) is the head of the common wealth. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF COMMON WEALTH The origin of Commonwealth started with British desire to conquer greater part of the world as its empire. All the territories acquired by Britain formed the British Empire. Countries like Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa who were formerly Brother colonies were granted responsible and representative governments in the 19th century. With that status, these countries were granted the freedom to elect their own legislature, manage their own internal affairs but they were still linked with Britain and their governors… Read More »COMMON WEALTH | AIMS, OBJECTIVES, BACKGROUND, MEMBERSHIP,& FEATURES

The African Union was established on Monday 8th of July 2002 by African Heads of State in Durban South Africa. This marked the end of organization of Africa Unity (O.A.U) after 39 years of its existence. The formation of African Union (A.U) was initiated by Libyan leader Moamen Gadhafi, who first proposed it as a full blown “United States of Africa.”  The 37th summit of the organization of Africa Union (O.A.U) held between the 9th -13th of July, 2001 was when the protocol establishing A.U. was signed. This summit was held in Lome, Togo and that was the last summit of the O.A.U. Africa Union has 53 members which include every African nation, except Morocco which withdrew from the O.A.U in 1985 after the admission of Western Sahara into O.A.U. The A.U has the power to interfere in the internal affairs of members, unlike the O.A.U.   Aims and Objectives… Read More »AFRICAN UNION | HISTORICAL, AIMS, OBJECTIVES, ACHIEVEMENTS & STRUCTURE