English Language (All Classes)

English Language (Primary Classes)

ADVERBS

An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Types of adverbs Adverbs of manner: they denote how an action is being carried out. Examples are boldly, quickly, friendly, happily etc.   Adverbs of time: adverbs of time tell us the time when an action takes place. Examples are- yesterday, tonight, tomorrow, weekend etc. […]

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English Language (Primary Classes)

ANTONYMS

Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning Look carefully at the underlined words: Word                                 antonyms Happy                                                sad New                                       old Remember                           forget Smaller                                  bigger Like                                         dislike Big                                          small Beautiful                               ugly Like                                         hate Big                                          small Quiet                                      noisy     Supply the opposite of these words Dead – Awake – Bright – Far – Fat – Dark

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English Language (Primary Classes)

SENTENCE BUILDING: MODALS

The use of “shall”, “will”, and “may” Read the sentences in the table several times and write out fourteen correct sentences from it: He The boy   Will Buy a book, Go to Lagos, Pay the bill,   Won’t he?   We   Shall not Go with them, Buy from them, Tell the truth,  

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English Language (Primary Classes)

SENTENCE FORMATION

Read these sentences. Use the underlined words in sentences of your own. Put away all the toys Some children are very playful Give me any of the colours Each book costs $300 None of the boys is in school   Make eight sentences from this table   Each All None Some   of us  

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English Language (Primary Classes)

QUESTION TAGS

Read these sentences aloud Ngozi was there, wasn’t she? Yes, she was They were not busy, were they? No, they weren’t My sister did not buy sugar, did she? No, she didn’t You are a small boy, aren’t you? Yes, I am Men don’t surrender easily, do they? No, they don’t We agreed to meet

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English Language (Primary Classes)

QUESTION TAGS

Read these sentences aloud. Think about the two parts.   Statement Question I ate beans, She bought two oranges, They swept the room, Carol sang a song, He killed the snake, He has gone, Didn’t i? Didn’t she? Didn’t they? Didn’t she? Didn’t he? Hasn’t he? Ade could not buy a pen, She is not

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English Language

Vocabulary: Astronomy

Vocabulary: Astronomy  The lexis and structures on the vocabulary of astronomy. Some of the words used include universe, orbits, planets, eclipse, cosmonaut, satellite, galaxies, etc. Astronomy: the Scientific study of the universe, especially of the motions, positions, sizes, composition, and behaviour of astronomical objects. Universe: the totality of all matter and energy that exists in

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English Language

PUNCTUATION

PUNCTUATION.

Punctuation is the system of symbols that we use to separate sentences and parts of sentences, and to make their meaning clear.

Each symbol is called a punctuation mark.

For example (., ! – : etc) 

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English Language

Capitalization

Capitalization.

Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter as an upper case and the remaining letters in lower case.

The following are the cases when capitalization is used: 

(A) Abbreviations

Abbreviations begin with a capital letter.

(i) Titles of persons

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English Language

QUESTION TAGS

QUESTION TAGS A question tag or a tag question is a phrase that is added at the end of a statement to turn into a question. When a speaker uses a question tag at the end of a statement, he/she is seeking for approval, confirmation or correction. Examples: Approval: I look smart today, don’t I?

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English Language

INDIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH.

Indirect speech is used to refer to a person’s words without quoting him or her exactly.

It is also referred to as indirect quotation or reported speech.

The original spoken words are not repeated.

The exact meaning is given without repeating the speaker’s words.

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English Language

DIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH.

Direct speech is used to give a speaker’s exact words.

It is also referred to as direct quotation.

Direct speech is always enclosed within quotation marks.

Examples: Hemedi announced, “My aunt works in a biscuit factory ”  “Creating jobs will be my first priority” the governor said.

A comma always separates the quoted words from the speaker’s name, whether the name comes before or after the quotation

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English Language

KINDS OF SENTENCES

There are five kinds of sentences classified according to their end marks and the different jobs they do: (i) Declarative sentences (ii) Interrogative sentences (iii) Exclamatory sentences (iv) Imperative sentences (v) Conditional sentences   (i) Declarative sentences: A declarative sentence simply states a fact or argument without requiring either an answer or action from the

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English Language

NOUN CLAUSES

A noun clause is a clause which takes the place of a noun or a noun phrase. It can be used in any way that a noun is used. That is, it can act as the subject, object, object of a preposition, or predicate noun in a sentence. Just like a noun, a noun clause

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English Language

ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES

ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES.

An adjectival clause acts as an adjective in a sentence, that is, it modifies a noun or a pronoun.

Examples:

The bushman, who knew the forest well, told us about the hidden cave. (Who knew the forest well is an adjectival clause that modifies the noun bushman).

The bushman told us a legend that involved the cave. (That involved the cave is an adjectival clause that modifies the noun legend).

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English Language

WHAT IS A CLAUSE?

A clause is a group of words that contains a verb and its subject. There are two types of clauses – main clauses and subordinate clauses. Main clauses A main clause is a clause that can stand as sentence by itself. A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses, because it is made up

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English Language

TYPES OF SENTENCES

Sentences can be categorized in terms of structure or in terms of purpose. (A) In terms of structure Sentences can be categorized into 3 main types: (i) Simple sentences (ii) Compound sentences (iii) Complex sentences.   (i) Simple sentences A simple sentence contains a single subject and predicate. It describes only one thing, idea or

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English Language

COMPLEMENTS

COMPLEMENTS.

Some sentences do not take objects or adverbs (or adverbial phrases) after the verbs.

Instead, they take complements.

A complement is the part of the sentence that gives more information about the subject (subject complement) or about the object (object complement) of the sentence.

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English Language

OBJECTS SENTENCE

An object in a sentence is a word or words that complete the meaning of a sentence. It is involved in the action but does not carry it out. The object is the person or thing affected by the action described in the verb. It is always a noun or a pronoun and it always

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