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Certified Public Accountant (CPA) - Auditing and Attestation (AUD) Exam 1

Certified Public Accountant (CPA) - Auditing and Attestation (AUD) Exam 2
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1 / 40
Which of the following procedures is an auditor least likely to perform in the planning stage of an audit?
Performing preliminary analytical procedures
Developing an overall audit strategy
Evaluating the reasonableness of accounting estimates
Obtaining a sufficient understanding of the entity's internal control structure

Answer: C) Evaluating the reasonableness of accounting estimates
Explanation: Evaluating the reasonableness of accounting estimates is typically done during the substantive testing phase, not the planning stage. The planning stage focuses on understanding the entity and its environment and developing an audit strategy.
2 / 40
An auditor who uses the work of a specialist may refer to the specialist in the auditor's report if the:
Auditor disclaims an opinion as a result of the specialist's findings
Specialist is willing to issue a separate report on the financial statements
Auditor understands the methods and assumptions used by the specialist
Specialist's findings provide the auditor with greater assurance of the financial statements' fairness

Explanation: If the specialist's findings lead the auditor to disclaim an opinion, it is appropriate to refer to the specialist in the auditor's report to explain the basis for the disclaimer.
3 / 40
Which of the following should an auditor do when control risk is assessed at the maximum level?
Document the conclusion more extensively
Perform more tests of controls
Perform additional substantive procedures
Perform fewer substantive tests of details

Explanation: When control risk is assessed at the maximum level, it indicates a high risk of material misstatement, leading the auditor to perform additional substantive procedures to gather sufficient appropriate evidence.
4 / 40
Which of the following is the most important consideration when evaluating the adequacy of an audit client's internal control?
The organization's size and structure
Management's competence in the accounting function
The tone set by management
The cost-benefit relationship of internal control

Explanation: The tone set by management, often referred to as the control environment, is crucial as it influences the overall attitude toward internal controls and ethical behavior within the organization.
5 / 40
Which of the following is least likely to be considered by an auditor when evaluating the control environment of an entity?
The effectiveness of the board of directors
Management's philosophy and operating style
The control activities implemented by management
The assignment of authority and responsibility

Explanation: While control activities are an important part of internal control, the control environment encompasses broader factors such as the board's effectiveness, management's philosophy, and the assignment of authority and responsibility.
6 / 40
When an auditor increases the assessed level of control risk because certain control activities were determined to be ineffective, the auditor would most likely increase the:
Level of inherent risk
Extent of substantive tests
Extent of tests of controls
Tolerable misstatement

Explanation: If control activities are ineffective, the auditor will increase the extent of substantive tests to compensate for the higher control risk, ensuring sufficient appropriate evidence is obtained.
7 / 40
Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform to obtain audit evidence about the completeness of the entity’s accounts payable?
Reviewing a sample of purchase orders for proper authorization
Confirming accounts payable with vendors
Examining the entity’s cash disbursements subsequent to year-end
Tracing vendor invoices to entries in the accounts payable ledger

Explanation: Examining cash disbursements made after year-end helps the auditor identify any liabilities that should have been recorded in the accounts payable at the balance sheet date.
8 / 40
An auditor typically assesses the risk of material misstatement at two levels:
Financial statement and assertion
Account balance and assertion
Entity and financial statement
Financial statement and account balance

Explanation: Auditors assess the risk of material misstatement at both the financial statement level (overall risk) and at the assertion level (specific to account balances, transactions, and disclosures).
9 / 40
An auditor’s report that refers to the use of an accounting principle that is not generally accepted in the United States would be an example of a(n):
Disclaimer of opinion
Unqualified opinion
Adverse opinion
Qualified opinion

Explanation: A qualified opinion is issued when the financial statements are presented fairly except for a material misstatement related to the use of an accounting principle that is not generally accepted.
10 / 40
In an audit of financial statements, an auditor's primary consideration regarding an internal control structure policy or procedure is whether the policy or procedure:
Provides adequate safeguards over access to assets
Reflects management's philosophy and operating style
Affects management's financial statement assertions
Enhances management's decision-making processes

Explanation: The auditor's primary consideration is whether the internal control policy or procedure affects the management's assertions regarding the financial statements, such as existence, completeness, and valuation.
11 / 40
The primary purpose of performing tests of controls is to
Determine the extent of substantive procedures required
Provide an opinion on the effectiveness of internal controls
Detect material misstatements in the financial statements
Evaluate whether controls are operating effectively

Explanation: Tests of controls are performed to evaluate whether the internal controls are operating effectively and can be relied upon to prevent or detect and correct material misstatements.
12 / 40
Which of the following is a primary purpose of the management representation letter?
To detect all material errors or fraud in the financial statements
To reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level
To document management's responses to inquiries concerning various aspects of the audit
To confirm the auditor's responsibility for the financial statements

Explanation: The management representation letter documents management's responses to the auditor's inquiries and confirms certain representations made during the audit, providing evidence on matters not directly observable by the auditor.
13 / 40
Which of the following controls would most likely reduce the risk of diversion of customer receipts by an employee?
Authorization of write-offs of uncollectible accounts
A bank lockbox system
Monthly bank reconciliations
Daily deposit of cash receipts

Explanation: A bank lockbox system reduces the risk of diversion of customer receipts by having the payments sent directly to the bank, thereby limiting the opportunity for employees to divert funds.
14 / 40
Which of the following is least likely to be included in an auditor’s engagement letter?
The form and content of the audit report
The responsibilities of the auditor
Objective and scope of the audit
The opinion to be expressed

Explanation: The engagement letter typically outlines the objective and scope of the audit, the auditor's responsibilities, and the form and content of the audit report, but it does not include the opinion to be expressed, as this is determined after the audit is completed.
15 / 40
Which of the following factors is most likely to affect an auditor’s judgment about the quantity, type, and content of audit documentation?
The content of the management representation letter
The number of personnel assigned to the audit
The auditor's judgment about materiality
The timing of the auditor's visits to the client's premises

Explanation: The auditor's judgment about materiality affects decisions on the quantity, type, and content of audit documentation because materiality guides the auditor in determining what is significant enough to document.
16 / 40
Which of the following types of audit evidence is the most reliable?
Analytical procedures performed by the auditor
Internally generated evidence obtained under strong internal controls
Evidence obtained directly by the auditor from an external source
Evidence obtained through inquiries of client personnel

Explanation: Evidence obtained directly by the auditor from an external source is generally considered the most reliable because it is not influenced by the client and is therefore less subject to bias.
17 / 40
Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform to test controls relating to management’s assertion concerning the completeness of sales transactions?
Confirm a sample of accounts receivable
Compare shipping documents with sales invoices
Review the accounting system for unrecorded sales invoices
Inspect the billing records for prenumbered invoices

Explanation: Comparing shipping documents with sales invoices helps ensure that all shipments are billed and recorded, addressing the completeness assertion for sales transactions.
18 / 40
The primary reason for an auditor to request letters of inquiry from attorneys is to provide the auditor with:
Information concerning the progress of cases to date
The opinion of a specialist as to the potential outcome of pending litigation
Corroborative evidence concerning litigation, claims, and assessments
An expert opinion as to whether a loss is probable

Explanation: Letters of inquiry from attorneys provide corroborative evidence regarding the existence and potential impact of litigation, claims, and assessments, which are important for the auditor's evaluation of contingent liabilities.
19 / 40
Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform to obtain evidence about the occurrence of subsequent events?
Confirming year-end accounts receivable balances
Comparing the latest available interim financial statements with the financial statements being audited
Reviewing the minutes of board of directors' meetings
Performing cutoff tests of sales transactions

Explanation: Reviewing the minutes of board meetings can provide evidence of significant subsequent events, such as decisions or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date.
20 / 40
Which of the following is the most likely reason for an auditor to use audit sampling?
To increase the efficiency of the audit
To reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level
To increase the effectiveness of the audit
To evaluate the accounting estimates made by management

Explanation: Audit sampling increases the efficiency of the audit by allowing the auditor to draw conclusions about the population based on a representative sample, rather than examining all items.
21 / 40
An auditor's engagement letter most likely would include:
A request for permission to communicate with the entity's legal counsel
The auditor's preliminary assessment of the risk of material misstatement
The auditor's responsibility to detect errors and fraud
Management's acknowledgment of its responsibility for maintaining effective internal control

Explanation: The engagement letter typically includes management's acknowledgment of its responsibility for maintaining effective internal control, which is crucial for the auditor to perform the audit.
22 / 40
Which of the following is least likely to be a reason for an auditor to consider modifying the standard unqualified audit report?
The auditor wishes to emphasize an unusually important subsequent event
The entity is a component of a larger business enterprise
There is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern
There is a material inconsistency in the financial statements

Explanation: Being a component of a larger business enterprise is not in itself a reason to modify the audit report. However, the other options involve circumstances that may require emphasis of matter, modification, or additional explanatory paragraphs.
23 / 40
An auditor who discovers that a client’s legal expense is significantly understated would most likely recommend that the client:
Disclose the understatement in a note to the financial statements
Accrue additional legal expense
Reduce recorded liabilities for legal contingencies
Record an allowance for legal contingencies

Explanation: If legal expenses are understated, the auditor would recommend accruing additional legal expenses to accurately reflect the liability in the financial statements.
24 / 40
Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform to test the completeness assertion for accounts payable?
Examining vendor statements for amounts not reported as purchases
Reviewing subsequent cash disbursements for unrecorded liabilities
Reviewing a sample of receiving reports and matching them to vendor invoices
Confirming accounts payable balances with vendors

Answer: D) Reviewing subsequent cash disbursements for unrecorded liabilities
Explanation: Reviewing subsequent cash disbursements helps identify liabilities that should have been recorded at the balance sheet date, addressing the completeness assertion for accounts payable.
25 / 40
An auditor is least likely to test the internal controls related to which of the following?
The safeguarding of assets
The effectiveness of operations
The reliability of financial reporting
Compliance with laws and regulations

Explanation: While internal controls related to safeguarding assets, financial reporting, and compliance are relevant to an audit, controls over the effectiveness of operations are generally not a primary focus unless they impact financial reporting.
26 / 40
An auditor should consider the competence and objectivity of an internal auditor in deciding whether to:
Communicate with the audit committee about the internal audit function
Rely on the internal auditor's work to reduce control risk
Use the internal auditor’s work to support the audit opinion
Use the work of the internal auditor in performing substantive tests

Explanation: The competence and objectivity of the internal auditor are key factors in deciding whether to rely on the internal auditor's work to reduce control risk, thus affecting the nature, timing, and extent of the auditor's procedures.
27 / 40
An auditor is least likely to use external confirmations to verify:
Accounts payable balances
Bank balances
Inventory quantities
Accounts receivable balances

Explanation: External confirmations are typically used to verify accounts receivable, accounts payable, and bank balances. Inventory quantities are usually verified through physical observation and inspection.
28 / 40
Which of the following is an auditor most likely to use to determine the scope of audit procedures?
The auditor's understanding of the entity and its environment
The assessed level of control risk
The timing of the auditor's visits to the client's premises
The materiality levels for the financial statements

Explanation: The auditor's understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, helps determine the scope of audit procedures needed to address the risks of material misstatement.
29 / 40
Which of the following is an example of a test of details of balances?
Testing the accuracy of sales invoices
Performing a search for unrecorded liabilities
Confirming accounts receivable balances with customers
Observing the physical inventory count

Explanation: Confirming accounts receivable balances with customers is a test of details of balances, verifying the existence and accuracy of the reported amounts.
30 / 40
An auditor uses the knowledge provided by the understanding of internal control and the final assessed risk of material misstatement primarily to determine the nature, timing, and:
Extent of tests of controls
Extent of substantive procedures
Timeliness of tests of controls
Timeliness of substantive procedures

Explanation: Understanding internal control and assessing the risk of material misstatement helps the auditor determine the nature, timing, and extent of substantive procedures needed to gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence.
31 / 40
An auditor is most likely to use audit sampling in which of the following situations?
Analytical procedures provide sufficient evidence
Testing the entire population is cost-prohibitive
There is a low risk of material misstatement
The audit client has an effective internal control system

Explanation: Audit sampling is typically used when it is impractical or cost-prohibitive to test the entire population, allowing the auditor to draw conclusions based on a representative sample.
32 / 40
Which of the following is an auditor's primary consideration when using analytical procedures during the planning phase of an audit?
To identify potential areas of material misstatement
To test the accuracy of financial statement balances
To gather evidence to support management's assertions
To determine the effectiveness of internal controls

Explanation: During the planning phase, analytical procedures are primarily used to identify areas that may represent specific risks of material misstatement, helping the auditor plan the audit approach.
33 / 40
In which of the following situations would an auditor ordinarily choose between expressing a qualified opinion or an adverse opinion?
There has been a change in accounting principles that has a material effect on the financial statements
The entity has elected to exclude the statement of cash flows from the financial statements
The auditor did not observe the entity's physical inventory and is unable to become satisfied about its balance by other auditing procedures
The financial statements fail to disclose information that is required by generally accepted accounting principles

Explanation: If the financial statements lack required disclosures, the auditor would choose between a qualified or adverse opinion, depending on the materiality and pervasiveness of the omission.
34 / 40
In which of the following circumstances is an auditor most likely to rely on substantive tests rather than tests of controls?
The entity has a strong internal audit function
The control risk is assessed as low
There is an expectation of significant errors
The controls are highly automated

Explanation: When there is an expectation of significant errors, the auditor is more likely to rely on substantive tests to detect material misstatements directly, rather than relying on tests of controls.
35 / 40
Which of the following audit procedures is most likely to detect fraud?
Performing substantive tests of transactions
Inquiry of management
Observing employees during inventory counts
Analytical procedures applied to financial data

Explanation: Substantive tests of transactions can detect fraud by verifying the authenticity and accuracy of transaction details, which helps uncover misstatements resulting from fraudulent activities.
36 / 40
Which of the following is a primary objective of analytical procedures used in the overall review stage of an audit?
To obtain evidence about the completeness of transactions
To assist the auditor in evaluating the overall financial statement presentation
To identify potential risk areas
To assess the propriety of the client’s use of its resources

Explanation: Analytical procedures in the overall review stage help the auditor assess the overall financial statement presentation, ensuring that the statements are consistent with the auditor’s understanding and expectations.
37 / 40
An auditor may decide to perform substantive tests of transactions and balances when:
The inherent risk is assessed as low
The assessment of control risk is high
The assessment of detection risk is low
Tests of controls indicate a strong internal control structure

Explanation: When control risk is high, the auditor has less reliance on the effectiveness of internal controls and therefore performs more substantive tests to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence.
38 / 40
An auditor may obtain information on subsequent events by:
Comparing the latest available interim financial statements with the financial statements being audited
Reviewing the minutes of stockholders' meetings
Confirming accounts payable
Investigating changes in long-term debt occurring after year-end

Explanation: Comparing interim financial statements with the audited financial statements helps the auditor identify significant events or transactions that may have occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date.
39 / 40
An auditor should trace corporate stock issuances and treasury stock transactions to the:
Numbered stock certificates
Transfer agent's records
Minutes of the board of directors
Articles of incorporation

Explanation: The board of directors authorizes stock issuances and treasury stock transactions, so tracing these transactions to the board minutes ensures they were properly approved.
40 / 40
An auditor most likely would apply analytical procedures to:
Determine whether the internal controls are operating effectively
Evaluate the reasonableness of the going concern assumption
Assess the overall financial statement presentation
Identify areas that may represent specific risks relevant to the audit

Explanation: Analytical procedures are used to identify areas that might represent specific risks, helping the auditor focus on areas with higher risk of material misstatement.
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