Mrs Nubi

Biology

Evolution: Theories of Evolution, Jean Lamarck’s theories & Charles Darwin’s theory 

Theories of Evolution Organic Evolution Organic evolution is the sum total of adaptive changes from pre–existing or old forms that has taken place over a long time resulting in diversity of forms, structures and functions among organism. The basis of evolution is that all organisms have pre–existing ancestors. Evidences of Evolution Fossil record: A fossil […]

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Biology

Social Animals: Characteristics, Examples, Termites, Honey Bees,

Social animals are those in which individuals of the same species live together cooperatively in organized communities known as societies (colonies). Examples of social animals are: social insects (like termites, honey bees or wasps, ants etc), wolves, foxes, baboons etc. Characteristics of Social Insects They live together They display division of labour They show distinct

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Biology

Adaptation: Structural Adaptation. Adaptive Colouration & Behavioural Adaptation

Adaptation is the possession of special features which improve the chances of an organism to survive in its environment. All organisms have adaptive structures which could be structural or morphological and behavioural in nature. These enable them to live successfully in their habitat. Modes of Adaptation: Structural Adaptation Adaptive Colouration Behavioural Adaptation Structural Adaptation This

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Biology

Variation, Competition & Succession of Organisms

VARIATION IN POPULATION A population represents a dynamic assembly of organisms belonging to the same species, coexisting within a defined geographical region over a specific duration. This collection of individuals, whether of plants, animals, or microorganisms, forms a vital ecological unit that undergoes continual changes and interactions. Variation, on the other hand, encompasses the array

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Biology

GENETIC: HEREDITARY, TERMINOLOGY, MENDEL’S WORK, GENOTYPE & PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITARY

GENETIC TERMINOLOGY Genetics, the scientific study of heredity and variation in all living organisms, was termed by Dilliam Bateson in 1906. Heredity/Inheritance pertains to the passage and manifestation of traits from parents to offspring, accounting for the common resemblances between them. Variation encompasses the dissimilarities existing among parents, offspring, and siblings. Genes are hereditary units

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Biology

Reproductive Behaviours: Courtship Behaviour, Display of Colours & Seasonal Migration

Courtship Behaviour in Animals and Territoriality: Courtship behaviour in animals refers to a set of behaviours and displays that individuals of a species engage in to attract potential mates and establish a reproductive partnership. This behaviour often involves various signals, sounds, postures, and movements that communicate the fitness and availability of an individual for mating.

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Biology

Fruits : Types, Structure, Dispersal of Fruits, Agents of Dispersal of Fruits

STRUCTURE OF A FRUIT A fruit is a matured fertilized ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. Contrary to this, some plants do not undergo fertilization for the formation of their fruit. Such fruits are called parthenocarpic fruits e.g. banana and pineapple. Such fruits are seedless. A typical fruit has the following parts

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The eyes

The Eyes | Anatomy, Functions, Problems, Solutions, Symptoms or Signs, Care For Eyes

The eyes are remarkable sensory organs that provide us with a sense of sight, allowing us to perceive the world around us in rich detail. Key Facts About The Eyes: 1. Complex Anatomy: The human eye is a complex structure made up of several components that work together to capture and process visual information. These

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Biology

Seeds | Zygotes, Conditions for Seed Germination, Formation & Seeds Germination

Development of Zygotes in Plants In flowering plants, the process of pollination is followed by fertilization, leading to the development of the zygote. This development eventually transforms the flower into a fruit that encloses the seeds. The male and female sex cells responsible for zygote formation are the pollen grain and the ovule, respectively. The

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Biology

Balance in Nature | Biotic Factors, Abiotic Factors, Family Planning & Birth Control

NATURAL DYNAMIC BALANCE: In the realm of nature, a state of dynamic equilibrium prevails. When environmental conditions influenced by population dynamics, encompassing both abiotic and biotic elements, are propitious, growth is encouraged. Conversely, when these conditions turn unfavourable, growth is hindered. A constraining element that curbs population expansion is termed a “limiting factor.” The amalgamation

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Biology

Kidney | Structure, Functions, Diseases, Effects, Remedies & Osmoregulator

Structure of The Kidney The mammalian kidney is a reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ located at the posterior end of the abdomen. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left. On cutting a kidney longitudinally, two distinct regions are observed: an outer cortex and an inner medulla. Narrow tubules called urinary tubules (nephrons) pass through these

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Biology

ADAPTATION

ADAPTATION Adaptation is defined as the ability of an organism to live successfully in a particular habitat as a result of its structure, appearance and behaviour. It is expected that every organism must adapt to its environment in order to survive. Plants and animals possess certain features which enable them to adapt to either aquatic

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Biology

ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Biological Association In a community, there exist different kinds of biological associations between organisms of different species. Some of these biological associations are beneficial, some are neutral while others are harmful.   Types of Associations Symbiosis Definition: This is a close association between two organisms in which one or both of them benefit from each

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Biology

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Definition: Conservation is defined as the planned, control exploitation or judicious use of natural resources to ensure their continuous availability and to preserve the quality or original nature of the environment. In other words, conservation is the preservation of natural resources from loss, waste or exploitation through rational use and to

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Biology

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

POLLUTION  Definition: Pollution is defined as the release of toxic or harmful substances into the environment by their natural forces or man and other animals to an extent that causes biological damage to man and his resources. In other words, pollution is the release of harmful substances into the environment, i.e., water, air and land

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Biology

NITROGEN CYCLE

Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is an abundant element in the atmosphere. It is an essential constituent of proteins, a group of substances found in all living cells. About 78% of air is composed of gaseous nitrogen. Plants cannot incorporate nitrogen gas into organic compound and therefore depend on various types of bacteria to make nitrogen available

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Biology

NUTRIENT CYCLING IN NATURE

Meaning Nutrient cycling refers to the movement of certain nutrients like nitrogen, carbon, water, oxygen and other elements from the environment into various organisms and back into the environment. The path along which the atoms or elements pass is called a cycle. The popular well known nutrients cycles are nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, water cycle

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