The following sub-topics will be covered under this topic: Classification of Textile Fibres Properties of Textile Fibres Fibres Fibres are classified into two main groups: – Natural – Man-made – Wool fibre Natural Fibres Animal Plant Mineral Animal Fibres Wool Silk Plant Fibres Cotton Linen Man-made Fibres These are fibres that […]
This is cooking food using steam from boiled water. Steaming can be done directly or indirectly. Have water boiling prior to steaming. The steamer must have a tight fitting lid to avoid loss of steam. The temperature of the water bath must be boiling throughout. Suggested Foods for steaming Fish, Green vegetables, Tender cuts
Stewing is cooking food in a measured amount of liquids. Once the food has boiled it is allowed to simmer. Sufficient amount of liquid water or stock should be added for a stew of the right consistency. The saucepan or pot used should have a tight fitting lid to avoid loss of nutrients. Use gentle
Boiling is cooking food completely immersed in boiling water. General Rules Moist foods should be put in cold water and then heated to boil. The water should be at the boiling temperature throughout until food is cooked. The food should be immersed in water. Avoid overcooking. Suggested Foods for Boiling Eggs, Meat, Starchy foods like
What is cooking? Cooking is a process of preparing food by applying heat. Discuss reasons for cooking food. Identify different methods of cooking. State general rules for different methods of cooking. Why do we cook food? To improve flavour or taste of food. To improve appearance and make it more appealing. To
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What is Food spoilage? Food spoilage is the deterioration of food, making it unfit for human consumption. Food poisoning is the illness caused by eating contaminated food. Causes of Food Spoilage Poor storage of foods Chemicals present in food containers wrappers and packets Keeping food for too long until it rots, wilts or withers. Cover
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Kitchen equipment is categorized into 3 main groups mainly: Small equipment Large equipment Small Kitchen Equipment These are usually classified according to their functions namely: Measuring and weighing equipment Cutting tools Shaping and molding Separating tools Lifting, mixing, turning and scooping tools Oven/baking utensils Pans and pots (Cooking vessels) Measuring and
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Modern houses are more durable as they are made using strong materials like stones, cement, bricks, metal, and concrete hence making them permanent. Examples of modern houses include: Bungalow Mainsonette Flats or Apartments Bungalow A house where all rooms and facilities are constructed on the ground floor. Comes in different shapes
Cleaning Equipment The home should be kept clean at all times. In order to maintain the cleanliness of the home, constant removal of dirt is important. The following equipment is necessary for the removal of dirt: Brooms Scrubbing brush Cobweb brush Carpet brush Toilet brush Buckets and Basins
What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate help given to a person who has had an accident or sudden illness before being placed under medical care. It is usually done at the place where the accident occurs. A person who gives first help uses a First Aid Kit. This is a container with
Poison is any substance which when taken causes harm to the body. It gets into the body through swallowing, breathing in gases (inhalation), contact through pesticides and chemicals pushed through the skin. – Baby drinking paraffin from a bottle – Man seated in an enclosed room without ventilation and there is a jiko, hence he
Some insects such as bees, wasps and scorpions sting while others such as mosquitoes, ticks, lice and cockroaches bite. – Keep the environment clean. – Do not disturb bees and hornets. – Air beddings thoroughly and change them frequently. Bites Clean the affected area thoroughly with clean water. If possible apply alcohol or alcohol
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Drowning is the blockage of air passages by liquids when swimming or if one falls into water bodies such as lakes, rivers and basins. A child bending into a bucket full of water. The child then falls inside. Water storage containers must have tight fitting lids. Do not store water in open containers. All
It occurs due to temporary loss of blood flow in the brain causing a brief loss of consciousness. Illness such as anemia After receiving bad or good news Hunger Overworking Standing for a long time Avoid standing for too long. Avoid overcrowding and poorly ventilated rooms. Break bad news calmly. Lay the casualty down and
This happens when blood comes out of the nose. It may be caused by an injury, blowing the nose forcefully and picking the nose. Someone pinching the nose to prevent blood from coming out during nose bleeding. The head should be slightly bent. Avoid picking the nose. Avoid blowing the nose too hard and often
A foreign body is anything undesirable that enters into the body such as dust, insects and seeds (common with children). A child putting a bean in the nose and then breathing it out. People should protect their eyes when walking or working in an area where there are dust particles in the air e.g. by
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Choking Choking is when one is not able to breathe. Choking is caused by food or foreign objects such as seeds, bones and coins stuck in the throat or air passage making breathing difficult. Encourage the casualty to cough – Give back slaps – Obstruction Avoid putting foreign objects in the mouth. Children should not
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Burns are caused by dry heat such as hot charcoal, metal and open flames while scalds are caused by moist heat such as stream and hot liquids. Prevention of burns and scalds Matches, boiling stoves, hot liquids, burning candles should be kept away from children. Store flammable liquids away from children. Lids covering hot
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A cut is a slit or break on the skin caused by sharp objects such as razor blades, broken glass and knives while bruises are caused by blunt blows. Prevention Store sharp objects safely. Use and care for knives appropriately. Dispose off empty tins, broken bottles and other sharp objects e.g. by burying. Keep doors
The common accidents in the home are: Cuts and bruises Burns and scalds Fractures and sprains Suffocation Choking Shock Foreign bodies in the eyes and nose Fainting Nose bleeding Drowning Insect stings and bites Snake bites Poisoning Also See Home economics STORAGE EQUIPMENT TRANSFERRING PATTERN MARKINGS basic sewing tools and equipment 51 Ways of
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