Mr. FAROUK

Biology

GROWTH

Growth is defined as an irreversible increase in volume, size, and number of parts, length and weight of                an organism It is an organic process which takes sometimes to accomplish. The three processes involve in growth are Cell division:- is a process by which cell increases in number and is achieved by cell division called […]

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Biology

BASIC ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT

Ecology This is the study of living organisms (plants and animals) in relation to their environment. Ecology is divided into two main branches. AUTECOLOGY– is the study of an individual organism or a single species of organism and its environment. For example, the study of a single and its environment. SYNECOLOGY-is the study of the

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Biology

MODE OF NUTRITION

Autotrophic Nutrition This is the type of nutrition in which the organisms are able to manufacture their own food. Organisms which can manufacture or synthesize their own food are called autotrophs. Autotrophic nutrition is carried out by all green plants through the process of photosynthesis and by some certain bacteria through the process of chemosynthesis

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Biology

ANIMAL NUTRITION

ANIMAL NUTRITION (FOOD SUBSTANCES) Food is a complex energy-rich organic matter which living organism feed on to obtain nutrients and substances necessary for life. Food substances are classified to six groups (i) Carbohydrate     (ii) Protein       (iii) Fat and oils    (iv)  Mineral salts  (v) Vitamins     (vi) Water and roughages. Carbohydrates These are made up of carbon,

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Biology

NUTRIENT CYCLING IN NATURE

Nutrient cycle is defined as the circulation of certain nutrient such as carbon, sulphur and water in nature Carbon Cycle The carbon cycle is the way carbon (iv) oxide is being used from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and put back into the atmosphere by respiration and decay. The carbon cycle involves the following processes Photosynthesis,

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Biology

PLANT NUTRITION

Nutrition is defined as the process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food material from external environment for metabolic activities such as respiration, growth, excretion and reproduction. Photosynthetic or holophytic Nutrition is defined as a process whereby green plant manufacture their own organic food from simple inorganic substances such as carbon (iv) oxide, water,

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Biology

Organization of Life

Organization of life is defined as the existence of life from a single called organisms to a multicellular organisms with complex form that perform different functions Levels of Organization 1  First level (cell): A cell which is the functional and structural unit of protoplasm bounded by a membrane is the first level of organization. It

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Biology

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

Classification is defined as the arrangement of living things into groups based on structural genetic and cellular organization.  This is called TAXANOMY.The system of classification of living things  used today is based on that introduced by Swedish naturalist named Carl Von Linne(1707-1778).His name was better known in Latin as Carolus Linnaeus.He published the classification of

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Biology

BIOLOGY AND INQUIRY

Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living things and non-living things in our environment. The term Biology is coined from two Greek work bios meaning life and Logos meaning study. Therefore Biology is simply defined as study of life i.e. study of living things or Biology is defined as

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Biology

ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES AND VEINS

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES AND VEINS What are Arteries? Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Arteries have a thick, muscular wall, which has elastic and collagen fibres that resist the pressure of the blood flowing in them.  

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Biology

TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS

The Circulatory System Large and complex animals have circulatory systems that consist of tubes, a transport fluid and a means of pumping the fluid. Blood is the transport fluid which contains dissolved substances and cells. The tubes are blood vessels through which dissolved substances are circulated around the body. The heart is the pumping organ

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Biology

FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSPIRATION – FULL DETAILS

The factors that affect transpiration are grouped into two. Environmental and Structural Factors Cuticle Environmental factors Temperature High temperature increases the internal temperature of the leaf. This in turn increases kinetic energy of water molecules which increases evaporation. High temperatures dry the air around the leaf surface maintaining a high concentration gradient. More water vapour

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Biology

IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS, MINERAL SALTS, ROUGHAGE AND WATER IN HUMAN NUTRITION VITAMINS

These are organic compounds that are essential for proper growth, development and functioning of the body.  Vitamins are required in very small quantities They are not stored and must be included in the diet Vitamins Band C are soluble in water, the rest are soluble in fat Various vitamins are used in different ways  

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Biology

DENTAL DISEASES

COMMON DENTAL DISEASES – Carries, Causes, Treatment & Periodontal Diseases Dental Carries Dental carries are the holes or cavities that are formed as acid corrodes enamel and eventually the dentine Causes This is caused by bacteria acting on the food left between teeth and on the cusp Acids are formed that eventually corrode the enamel

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Biology

TYPES OF MAMMALIAN TEETH

TYPES OF MAMMALIAN TEETH Mammals have four kinds of teeth The incisors are found at the front of the jaw They are sharp-edged and are used for biting The canines are located at the sides of the jaw They are pointed and are used for tearing and piercing The premolars are next to the canines

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Biology

ENZYMES – FULL EXPLANATION

ENZYMES – FULL EXPLANATION Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reaction in the body. They are all produced inside cells. Some are intracellular and they catalyse reactions within the cells. Others are extracellular and are secreted out of the cells where they work e.g. digestive enzymes   Properties of Enzymes Enzymes

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