Agricultural Science (All Classes)

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Agricultural Science

Types of Farm Records

What is a Farm record? Farm records refer to the systematic documentation and organization of various information related to agricultural operations and activities on a farm. These records are essential for effective farm management, decision-making, financial planning, and complying with regulatory requirements. Farm records can be maintained in both physical and digital formats, depending on […]

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Agricultural Science

BOOKKEEPING

Bookkeeping is the recording on a day-to-day basis, of financial transactions and information pertaining to a business. It ensures that records of individual financial transactions are correct, up-to-date and comprehensive. Accuracy is therefore vital to the process. Bookkeeping provides the information from which accounts are prepared. It is a distinct process that occurs within the

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Agricultural Science

Importance of Farm Records

Farm records are essential for the effective management and success of any agricultural operation. They provide systematic and organized documentation of various aspects of the farm’s activities, resources, and performance. Here are some key reasons highlighting the importance of farm records: 1. Decision-making: Accurate and up-to-date farm records serve as a valuable source of information

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Agricultural Science

FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION

FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION The factors that control soil formation include;  climate, parent materials, topography, biotic factors (living organisms) and time. CLIMATE Climate refers to the average weather condition of a place measured over a long period of time. Elements of climate include sunlight, temperature, wind, relative humidity, rainfall and pressure. Rainfall: Running water as

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Agricultural Science

ROCK WEATHERING

ROCK WEATHERING The process of soil formation is referred to as weathering. Weathering is defined as the disintegration of rocks into smaller particles to form soil. PROCESSES OF ROCK WEATHERING The processes of soil formation (rock weathering) include: Physical process Chemical process Biological process PHYSICAL PROCESS OF ROCK WEATHERING Agents of physical weathering include temperature,

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Agricultural Science

ROCK FORMATION AND TYPES

ROCK A rock is any mineral material of the earth. It may be a combination of different mineral elements such as silica (silica contain silicon and oxygen). TYPES OF ROCKS Rocks can be classified into three major groups based on how they are formed and their appearances. These include Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

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Agricultural Science

AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY

MEANING OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY Agricultural Ecology is defined as the study of crop plants and farm animals in relation to their environment. Ecology is derived from a Greek word “Oikos” which means home or dwelling place. In order words, agricultural ecology can be defined as a field of study which deals with the relationship of

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Agricultural Science

POST-PLANTING OPERATIONS

Post planting operations are the operations carried out after planting. It creates a good condition and proper maintenance for plants growth. Post planting operations include the following: Thinning Supplying Irrigation/ watering Use of manure and fertilizer Mulching Weeding Harvesting Processing Storage, etc. Thinning This is the removal of excess, weak or not well positioned seedlings

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Agricultural Science

PLANTING OPERATIONS – DISTANCE, DATE, SEED RATE, NURSERY PRACTICE

PLANTING OPERATION These are the operations carried out when inserting the planting materials (cutting or seeds) into the soil. When seeds are sown in the soil, they develop root and shoots, this is called germination and the young plants that emerge are called seedlings. A seed when planted undergoes the following processes. Germination: the process

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Agricultural Science

CULTURAL PRACTICES

Planting operations are the operations carried out before planting while planting is the sowing of seeds and  post-posting operations include thinning, supplying, irrigation, manuring, mulching and weeding.  PRE-PLANTING OPERATIONS Land clearing: this is the removal of pre-existing vegetation on the farm land. It is carried out by cutting the vegetation and grasses with cutlasses or

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Agricultural Science

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CROP PESTS

METHODS OF PEST CONTROL Crop pests can be prevented or controlled through the following methods: Physical control Cultural control Biological control Chemical control PHYSICAL CONTROL This method involves physically removing or excluding pests from the crop. It can include techniques such as handpicking pests, using traps or barriers, erecting fences or nets, and employing mechanical

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Agricultural Science

DISEASES OF CROPS

MEANING AND CAUSES OF DISEASE A crop is a plant cultivated by man for a specific purpose. A plant disease is a deviation of the plant from the normal state of health, presenting outward visible signs. Diseases are caused by pathogens and enhanced by some physiological factors.  CAUSES OF DISEASE Plant diseases are caused by

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Agricultural Science

FLORICULTURE – ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

Floriculture: is a discipline of horticulture that is concerned with the production and management of ornamental plants. Ornamental plants are beautiful trees or shrubs which can be used to decorate our environments.  IMPORTANCE OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS Sources of employment e.g. florists. Serves as a source of income. For expression of love and as gift on

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Agricultural Science

FOREST MANAGEMENT

Forest can be defined as a large area of land covered with trees and bushes, either growing wild or planted for some purposes which serves as habitat to various kinds of animals. Forestry is the management of forest and forest resources. Silviculture is the growing and cultivation trees. Forest ecology is the scientific study of

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Agricultural Science

ANIMAL PROTOZOAN DISEASES | SYMPTOMS, TRANSMISSION, EFFECTS, PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE CONTROL

ANIMAL PROTOZOAN DISEASES CONTENT Trypanosomiasis Coccidiosis Red water fever (Piroplasmosis)   PROTOZOAN DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION TRYPANOSOMIASIS   Cattle, Sheep and Goat Spread by the blood sucking Tse-tse fly which sucks blood from an infected animal and transmit the pathogen to healthy animal. Rise in body temperature, dullness in appearance, constant

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Agricultural Science

ANIMAL FUNGAL DISEASES | SYMPTOMS, TRANSMISSION, EFFECTS, PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE CONTROL

ANIMAL FUNGAL DISEASES CONTENT Ringworm Aspergillosis   FUNGAL DISEASE ANIMAL AFFECTED MODE OF TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS CONTROL/PREVENTION RINGWORM Cattle Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Contact with contaminated feeders and water troughs Lesions (injury, damage, change in texture) in the skin of the animals, irritation of the skin, loss of appetite and weight. Disinfection of pens and equipment,

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